NTPsec

ntp1.wiktel.com

Report generated: Fri Apr 26 16:45:02 2024 UTC
Start Time: Fri Apr 19 16:45:00 2024 UTC
End Time: Fri Apr 26 16:45:00 2024 UTC
Report Period: 7.0 days

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Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -13.507 -4.682 -3.889 -0.375 4.146 4.871 7.067 8.035 9.553 2.676 0.004 µs -3.895 8.446
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.321 17.361 17.402 17.539 17.624 17.648 17.676 0.222 0.287 0.069 17.529 ppm 1.631e+07 4.137e+09

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.222 0.375 0.453 0.664 1.313 2.082 6.363 0.860 1.707 0.319 0.736 µs 10.01 62.67

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.211 0.448 0.580 1.197 1.964 2.195 2.858 1.384 1.747 0.443 1.229 ppb 11.16 32.75

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -13.507 -4.682 -3.889 -0.375 4.146 4.871 7.067 8.035 9.553 2.676 0.004 µs -3.895 8.446

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 128.101.101.101

peer offset 128.101.101.101 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 128.101.101.101 -78.722 -27.565 0.815 60.162 113.795 176.257 286.832 112.980 203.822 36.728 61.044 µs 2.856 11.06

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 128.138.141.177

peer offset 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -3,336.486 -472.583 -233.086 -101.280 203.101 362.692 953.023 436.187 835.275 245.184 -83.157 µs -14.59 167.3

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -1.145 -1.040 -0.921 -0.561 -0.168 0.313 0.808 0.752 1.353 0.273 -0.564 ms -36.88 137

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 209.87.233.54

peer offset 209.87.233.54 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 209.87.233.54 -8.779 -3.806 -1.479 1.197 3.477 4.814 7.159 4.955 8.619 1.577 1.129 ms -1.582 7.713

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -2.719 -2.176 -0.812 -0.201 0.376 1.382 3.180 1.189 3.558 0.482 -0.195 ms -6.93 29.65

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -942.731 -816.083 -756.783 -636.575 -206.783 427.714 547.275 550.000 1,243.797 213.792 -573.677 µs -58.24 236.7

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) -165.627 520.443 545.361 581.753 621.131 637.863 664.390 75.770 117.420 53.114 578.819 µs 989.7 9921

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer offset 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -13.542 -13.003 -12.978 -12.944 -12.910 -12.895 -12.385 0.068 0.108 0.035 -12.945 ms -4.894e+07 1.79e+10

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset PPS(0)

peer offset PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset PPS(0) -13.508 -4.683 -3.890 -0.375 4.147 4.872 7.068 8.037 9.555 2.676 0.004 µs -3.895 8.446

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 128.101.101.101

peer jitter 128.101.101.101 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 128.101.101.101 4.191 7.084 9.774 21.260 46.208 66.647 440.479 36.434 59.563 27.465 25.022 µs 12.1 178.4

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 128.138.141.177

peer jitter 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 0.148 0.262 0.371 0.599 0.851 1.011 29.061 0.480 0.749 0.742 0.629 ms 32 1139

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 6.477 9.011 12.104 23.602 94.432 295.652 716.265 82.328 286.641 55.709 36.852 µs 5.753 53.28

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 209.87.233.54

peer jitter 209.87.233.54 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 209.87.233.54 0.873 2.085 3.458 9.002 19.689 25.630 89.489 16.230 23.544 5.604 9.956 ms 5.51 39.59

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.921 9.173 12.363 27.269 89.566 304.777 1,397.237 77.203 295.604 81.501 41.264 µs 10.12 150.8

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.006 0.009 0.013 0.028 0.078 0.288 5.115 0.065 0.279 0.181 0.045 ms 21.12 568.8

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 7.260 12.904 17.163 33.140 70.008 513.704 897.594 52.845 500.800 71.945 45.036 µs 6.556 57.73

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer jitter 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 0.013 0.024 0.037 0.094 3.999 5.121 11.259 3.962 5.097 1.196 0.480 ms 1.651 11.3

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter PPS(0)

peer jitter PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.071 0.249 0.360 0.753 1.715 2.565 12.401 1.355 2.316 0.497 0.870 µs 5.959 46

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.321 17.361 17.402 17.539 17.624 17.648 17.676 0.222 0.287 0.069 17.529 ppm 1.631e+07 4.137e+09
Local Clock Time Offset -13.507 -4.682 -3.889 -0.375 4.146 4.871 7.067 8.035 9.553 2.676 0.004 µs -3.895 8.446
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.211 0.448 0.580 1.197 1.964 2.195 2.858 1.384 1.747 0.443 1.229 ppb 11.16 32.75
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.222 0.375 0.453 0.664 1.313 2.082 6.363 0.860 1.707 0.319 0.736 µs 10.01 62.67
Server Jitter 128.101.101.101 4.191 7.084 9.774 21.260 46.208 66.647 440.479 36.434 59.563 27.465 25.022 µs 12.1 178.4
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 0.148 0.262 0.371 0.599 0.851 1.011 29.061 0.480 0.749 0.742 0.629 ms 32 1139
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 6.477 9.011 12.104 23.602 94.432 295.652 716.265 82.328 286.641 55.709 36.852 µs 5.753 53.28
Server Jitter 209.87.233.54 0.873 2.085 3.458 9.002 19.689 25.630 89.489 16.230 23.544 5.604 9.956 ms 5.51 39.59
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.921 9.173 12.363 27.269 89.566 304.777 1,397.237 77.203 295.604 81.501 41.264 µs 10.12 150.8
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.006 0.009 0.013 0.028 0.078 0.288 5.115 0.065 0.279 0.181 0.045 ms 21.12 568.8
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 7.260 12.904 17.163 33.140 70.008 513.704 897.594 52.845 500.800 71.945 45.036 µs 6.556 57.73
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 0.013 0.024 0.037 0.094 3.999 5.121 11.259 3.962 5.097 1.196 0.480 ms 1.651 11.3
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.071 0.249 0.360 0.753 1.715 2.565 12.401 1.355 2.316 0.497 0.870 µs 5.959 46
Server Offset 128.101.101.101 -78.722 -27.565 0.815 60.162 113.795 176.257 286.832 112.980 203.822 36.728 61.044 µs 2.856 11.06
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -3,336.486 -472.583 -233.086 -101.280 203.101 362.692 953.023 436.187 835.275 245.184 -83.157 µs -14.59 167.3
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -1.145 -1.040 -0.921 -0.561 -0.168 0.313 0.808 0.752 1.353 0.273 -0.564 ms -36.88 137
Server Offset 209.87.233.54 -8.779 -3.806 -1.479 1.197 3.477 4.814 7.159 4.955 8.619 1.577 1.129 ms -1.582 7.713
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -2.719 -2.176 -0.812 -0.201 0.376 1.382 3.180 1.189 3.558 0.482 -0.195 ms -6.93 29.65
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -942.731 -816.083 -756.783 -636.575 -206.783 427.714 547.275 550.000 1,243.797 213.792 -573.677 µs -58.24 236.7
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) -165.627 520.443 545.361 581.753 621.131 637.863 664.390 75.770 117.420 53.114 578.819 µs 989.7 9921
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -13.542 -13.003 -12.978 -12.944 -12.910 -12.895 -12.385 0.068 0.108 0.035 -12.945 ms -4.894e+07 1.79e+10
Server Offset PPS(0) -13.508 -4.683 -3.890 -0.375 4.147 4.872 7.068 8.037 9.555 2.676 0.004 µs -3.895 8.446
Summary as CSV file


Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of kurtosis. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of skewness. Wikipedia describes it best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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