NTPsec

ntp1.wiktel.com

Report generated: Wed Sep 11 04:45:02 2024 UTC
Start Time: Wed Sep 4 04:45:00 2024 UTC
End Time: Wed Sep 11 04:45:00 2024 UTC
Report Period: 7.0 days

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Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -9.360 -2.631 -1.908 -0.076 1.962 2.662 5.525 3.870 5.293 1.208 -0.021 µs -4.094 10.51
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.721 17.745 17.778 18.560 18.690 18.748 18.776 0.912 1.003 0.311 18.435 ppm 1.984e+05 1.158e+07

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.102 0.212 0.328 0.825 1.193 1.684 4.084 0.865 1.472 0.295 0.806 µs 11.14 39.02

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.054 0.218 0.320 0.522 0.889 1.188 2.694 0.569 0.970 0.201 0.555 ppb 13.11 61.28

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -9.360 -2.631 -1.908 -0.076 1.962 2.662 5.525 3.870 5.293 1.208 -0.021 µs -4.094 10.51

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 128.138.141.177

peer offset 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -529.680 -269.454 -208.365 -91.598 174.390 326.905 752.993 382.755 596.359 124.133 -62.334 µs -6.742 17.26

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -1,302.157 -917.428 -820.664 -679.018 -474.540 -99.141 188.547 346.124 818.287 127.933 -665.357 µs -254.7 1667

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 209.87.233.53

peer offset 209.87.233.53 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 209.87.233.53 -8.253 -3.522 -1.701 0.619 2.265 3.141 4.849 3.966 6.663 1.267 0.501 ms -3.006 11.11

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -142.019 -111.039 -86.540 -58.846 -38.438 -31.426 -2.629 48.102 79.613 15.395 -60.329 µs -134.7 753.7

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) -860.285 -689.619 -660.949 -588.678 -275.531 -46.446 5.192 385.418 643.173 117.744 -567.007 µs -210.9 1285

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -507.436 -443.062 -335.457 -235.254 -106.034 8.173 949.459 229.423 451.235 92.736 -233.169 µs -49.73 215.8

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) -933.653 -479.377 -461.660 -422.482 -381.918 -364.981 -338.708 79.742 114.396 26.849 -422.361 µs -4737 8.033e+04

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer offset 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -13.084 -13.068 -13.050 -13.016 -12.985 -12.972 -12.943 0.065 0.096 0.020 -13.016 ms -2.837e+08 1.864e+11

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset PPS(0)

peer offset PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset PPS(0) -9.361 -2.632 -1.909 -0.077 1.963 2.663 5.526 3.872 5.295 1.209 -0.021 µs -4.094 10.51

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 128.138.141.177

peer jitter 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 172.938 297.765 378.721 605.508 844.646 990.452 1,992.668 465.925 692.687 153.297 611.336 µs 36.63 153.7

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 4.778 8.462 11.763 23.011 70.138 148.357 1,006.332 58.375 139.895 46.059 31.891 µs 12.82 242

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 209.87.233.53

peer jitter 209.87.233.53 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 209.87.233.53 1.210 1.991 3.262 8.653 19.712 34.998 174.041 16.449 33.007 9.252 10.229 ms 9.861 149

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.367 8.439 11.378 24.064 43.217 54.595 1,284.016 31.839 46.156 41.951 26.719 µs 25.4 743

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) 4.631 6.720 9.825 22.638 79.454 373.541 1,248.468 69.629 366.821 84.922 38.908 µs 7.679 100.9

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 4.576 7.082 10.138 22.593 67.113 334.405 1,128.516 56.975 327.323 68.556 34.085 µs 9.047 131.7

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 6.975 12.410 17.119 33.522 71.452 451.694 1,492.971 54.333 439.284 83.173 45.082 µs 9.595 129.9

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer jitter 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 0.009 0.023 0.039 0.096 4.941 11.238 200.258 4.903 11.214 8.382 1.266 ms 14.24 304.6

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter PPS(0)

peer jitter PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.033 0.125 0.213 0.860 1.674 2.334 8.201 1.461 2.209 0.460 0.897 µs 5.172 22.24

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.721 17.745 17.778 18.560 18.690 18.748 18.776 0.912 1.003 0.311 18.435 ppm 1.984e+05 1.158e+07
Local Clock Time Offset -9.360 -2.631 -1.908 -0.076 1.962 2.662 5.525 3.870 5.293 1.208 -0.021 µs -4.094 10.51
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.054 0.218 0.320 0.522 0.889 1.188 2.694 0.569 0.970 0.201 0.555 ppb 13.11 61.28
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.102 0.212 0.328 0.825 1.193 1.684 4.084 0.865 1.472 0.295 0.806 µs 11.14 39.02
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 172.938 297.765 378.721 605.508 844.646 990.452 1,992.668 465.925 692.687 153.297 611.336 µs 36.63 153.7
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 4.778 8.462 11.763 23.011 70.138 148.357 1,006.332 58.375 139.895 46.059 31.891 µs 12.82 242
Server Jitter 209.87.233.53 1.210 1.991 3.262 8.653 19.712 34.998 174.041 16.449 33.007 9.252 10.229 ms 9.861 149
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.367 8.439 11.378 24.064 43.217 54.595 1,284.016 31.839 46.156 41.951 26.719 µs 25.4 743
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) 4.631 6.720 9.825 22.638 79.454 373.541 1,248.468 69.629 366.821 84.922 38.908 µs 7.679 100.9
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 4.576 7.082 10.138 22.593 67.113 334.405 1,128.516 56.975 327.323 68.556 34.085 µs 9.047 131.7
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 6.975 12.410 17.119 33.522 71.452 451.694 1,492.971 54.333 439.284 83.173 45.082 µs 9.595 129.9
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 0.009 0.023 0.039 0.096 4.941 11.238 200.258 4.903 11.214 8.382 1.266 ms 14.24 304.6
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.033 0.125 0.213 0.860 1.674 2.334 8.201 1.461 2.209 0.460 0.897 µs 5.172 22.24
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -529.680 -269.454 -208.365 -91.598 174.390 326.905 752.993 382.755 596.359 124.133 -62.334 µs -6.742 17.26
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -1,302.157 -917.428 -820.664 -679.018 -474.540 -99.141 188.547 346.124 818.287 127.933 -665.357 µs -254.7 1667
Server Offset 209.87.233.53 -8.253 -3.522 -1.701 0.619 2.265 3.141 4.849 3.966 6.663 1.267 0.501 ms -3.006 11.11
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -142.019 -111.039 -86.540 -58.846 -38.438 -31.426 -2.629 48.102 79.613 15.395 -60.329 µs -134.7 753.7
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) -860.285 -689.619 -660.949 -588.678 -275.531 -46.446 5.192 385.418 643.173 117.744 -567.007 µs -210.9 1285
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -507.436 -443.062 -335.457 -235.254 -106.034 8.173 949.459 229.423 451.235 92.736 -233.169 µs -49.73 215.8
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) -933.653 -479.377 -461.660 -422.482 -381.918 -364.981 -338.708 79.742 114.396 26.849 -422.361 µs -4737 8.033e+04
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -13.084 -13.068 -13.050 -13.016 -12.985 -12.972 -12.943 0.065 0.096 0.020 -13.016 ms -2.837e+08 1.864e+11
Server Offset PPS(0) -9.361 -2.632 -1.909 -0.077 1.963 2.663 5.526 3.872 5.295 1.209 -0.021 µs -4.094 10.51
Summary as CSV file


Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of kurtosis. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of skewness. Wikipedia describes it best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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