NTPsec

ntp1.wiktel.com

Report generated: Sat Jul 27 04:45:03 2024 UTC
Start Time: Sat Jul 20 04:45:02 2024 UTC
End Time: Sat Jul 27 04:45:02 2024 UTC
Report Period: 7.0 days

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Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -15.492 -8.639 -5.973 -0.060 6.107 8.924 16.290 12.080 17.563 3.746 -0.000 µs -3.949 9.808
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.430 17.478 17.541 17.728 17.846 17.883 18.057 0.305 0.405 0.094 17.715 ppm 6.6e+06 1.238e+09

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.352 0.518 0.627 1.289 2.705 3.240 4.682 2.078 2.722 0.670 1.441 µs 5.773 16.37

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.188 0.409 0.595 1.440 3.286 4.195 5.704 2.691 3.786 0.835 1.628 ppb 4.789 14.48

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -15.492 -8.639 -5.973 -0.060 6.107 8.924 16.290 12.080 17.563 3.746 -0.000 µs -3.949 9.808

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 128.138.141.177

peer offset 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -0.924 -0.397 -0.208 -0.065 2.068 2.297 3.211 2.275 2.694 0.636 0.144 ms -0.07411 4.563

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -1,203.617 -911.356 -831.868 -608.260 -446.473 -257.445 228.749 385.395 653.911 124.233 -617.049 µs -230.1 1482

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 209.87.233.54

peer offset 209.87.233.54 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 209.87.233.54 -7.658 -4.437 -2.629 1.160 3.500 4.581 7.488 6.130 9.018 1.910 0.839 ms -2.544 7.315

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -136.479 -109.089 -85.303 -56.671 -35.957 -27.000 -16.219 49.346 82.089 15.691 -58.250 µs -119.7 648.6

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) -7.261 -7.191 -1.293 -1.004 -0.859 -0.697 -0.373 0.434 6.494 1.248 -1.265 ms -18.65 97.44

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -893.953 -806.659 -745.239 -613.547 -193.942 -98.653 -37.177 551.297 708.006 173.103 -551.725 µs -84.9 397.8

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 44.150 71.460 94.787 293.973 343.642 360.080 668.167 248.855 288.620 88.458 257.453 µs 11.96 32.71

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer offset 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -13.109 -13.074 -13.054 -13.009 -12.969 -12.949 -12.894 0.084 0.125 0.026 -13.010 ms -1.291e+08 6.523e+10

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset PPS(0)

peer offset PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset PPS(0) -15.493 -8.640 -5.974 -0.061 6.108 8.925 16.291 12.082 17.565 3.747 -0.000 µs -3.949 9.807

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 128.138.141.177

peer jitter 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 0.123 0.277 0.353 0.595 0.840 1.049 3.665 0.487 0.772 0.174 0.605 ms 26.08 162.8

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 6.305 9.248 12.074 25.103 83.054 190.265 704.499 70.980 181.017 40.447 34.817 µs 7.397 91.68

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 209.87.233.54

peer jitter 209.87.233.54 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 209.87.233.54 0.970 2.176 3.632 9.605 23.732 46.353 167.236 20.100 44.177 9.999 11.518 ms 7.831 101.8

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.953 8.177 11.121 23.168 41.885 52.662 210.642 30.764 44.485 10.679 24.538 µs 9.308 77.6

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.026 0.085 0.289 6.136 0.075 0.281 0.187 0.044 ms 24.21 762.3

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.005 0.008 0.011 0.026 0.106 1.713 6.621 0.095 1.705 0.462 0.083 ms 8.758 114.5

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 9.767 14.212 19.133 36.448 71.021 392.064 978.759 51.888 377.852 68.142 47.085 µs 8.225 91.7

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer jitter 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 0.013 0.025 0.038 0.098 3.856 5.251 17.740 3.818 5.225 1.461 0.568 ms 2.807 29.09

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter PPS(0)

peer jitter PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.091 0.312 0.438 1.239 4.131 6.009 10.824 3.693 5.697 1.217 1.621 µs 2.846 10.38

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.430 17.478 17.541 17.728 17.846 17.883 18.057 0.305 0.405 0.094 17.715 ppm 6.6e+06 1.238e+09
Local Clock Time Offset -15.492 -8.639 -5.973 -0.060 6.107 8.924 16.290 12.080 17.563 3.746 -0.000 µs -3.949 9.808
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.188 0.409 0.595 1.440 3.286 4.195 5.704 2.691 3.786 0.835 1.628 ppb 4.789 14.48
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.352 0.518 0.627 1.289 2.705 3.240 4.682 2.078 2.722 0.670 1.441 µs 5.773 16.37
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 0.123 0.277 0.353 0.595 0.840 1.049 3.665 0.487 0.772 0.174 0.605 ms 26.08 162.8
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 6.305 9.248 12.074 25.103 83.054 190.265 704.499 70.980 181.017 40.447 34.817 µs 7.397 91.68
Server Jitter 209.87.233.54 0.970 2.176 3.632 9.605 23.732 46.353 167.236 20.100 44.177 9.999 11.518 ms 7.831 101.8
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.953 8.177 11.121 23.168 41.885 52.662 210.642 30.764 44.485 10.679 24.538 µs 9.308 77.6
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.026 0.085 0.289 6.136 0.075 0.281 0.187 0.044 ms 24.21 762.3
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.005 0.008 0.011 0.026 0.106 1.713 6.621 0.095 1.705 0.462 0.083 ms 8.758 114.5
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 9.767 14.212 19.133 36.448 71.021 392.064 978.759 51.888 377.852 68.142 47.085 µs 8.225 91.7
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 0.013 0.025 0.038 0.098 3.856 5.251 17.740 3.818 5.225 1.461 0.568 ms 2.807 29.09
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.091 0.312 0.438 1.239 4.131 6.009 10.824 3.693 5.697 1.217 1.621 µs 2.846 10.38
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -0.924 -0.397 -0.208 -0.065 2.068 2.297 3.211 2.275 2.694 0.636 0.144 ms -0.07411 4.563
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -1,203.617 -911.356 -831.868 -608.260 -446.473 -257.445 228.749 385.395 653.911 124.233 -617.049 µs -230.1 1482
Server Offset 209.87.233.54 -7.658 -4.437 -2.629 1.160 3.500 4.581 7.488 6.130 9.018 1.910 0.839 ms -2.544 7.315
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -136.479 -109.089 -85.303 -56.671 -35.957 -27.000 -16.219 49.346 82.089 15.691 -58.250 µs -119.7 648.6
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) -7.261 -7.191 -1.293 -1.004 -0.859 -0.697 -0.373 0.434 6.494 1.248 -1.265 ms -18.65 97.44
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -893.953 -806.659 -745.239 -613.547 -193.942 -98.653 -37.177 551.297 708.006 173.103 -551.725 µs -84.9 397.8
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 44.150 71.460 94.787 293.973 343.642 360.080 668.167 248.855 288.620 88.458 257.453 µs 11.96 32.71
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -13.109 -13.074 -13.054 -13.009 -12.969 -12.949 -12.894 0.084 0.125 0.026 -13.010 ms -1.291e+08 6.523e+10
Server Offset PPS(0) -15.493 -8.640 -5.974 -0.061 6.108 8.925 16.291 12.082 17.565 3.747 -0.000 µs -3.949 9.807
Summary as CSV file


Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of kurtosis. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of skewness. Wikipedia describes it best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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