NTPsec

ntp1.wiktel.com

Report generated: Fri Jan 24 17:45:02 2025 UTC
Start Time: Fri Jan 17 17:45:00 2025 UTC
End Time: Fri Jan 24 17:45:00 2025 UTC
Report Period: 7.0 days

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Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -12.861 -7.462 -6.343 -0.328 8.543 9.892 11.641 14.886 17.354 4.425 -0.003 µs -3.527 7.589
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.152 17.199 17.228 17.348 17.531 17.584 17.683 0.303 0.385 0.095 17.360 ppm 5.931e+06 1.074e+09

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.242 0.375 0.440 0.627 0.991 1.685 3.857 0.551 1.310 0.227 0.667 µs 16.68 90.11

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.174 0.320 0.441 1.571 4.093 4.641 5.341 3.652 4.321 1.144 1.833 ppb 2.722 6.523

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -12.861 -7.462 -6.343 -0.328 8.543 9.892 11.641 14.886 17.354 4.425 -0.003 µs -3.527 7.589

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 128.138.141.177

peer offset 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -683.954 -195.837 -132.047 2.393 285.033 420.782 684.291 417.080 616.619 131.562 32.612 µs -1.776 5.852

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -343.842 -177.497 -135.732 -63.138 2.870 49.502 98.045 138.602 226.999 43.354 -64.190 µs -22.94 82.18

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 209.87.233.53

peer offset 209.87.233.53 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 209.87.233.53 -9.822 -5.416 -2.563 0.456 2.382 3.676 8.741 4.945 9.092 1.652 0.260 ms -4.189 16.18

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -122.627 -102.807 -83.475 -48.319 -28.272 -22.259 -10.757 55.203 80.548 16.327 -50.744 µs -82.67 407.5

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) -8.216 -0.799 -0.679 -0.219 -0.035 0.108 0.222 0.644 0.907 0.310 -0.277 ms -28.35 557.8

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -8.130 -0.672 -0.514 -0.177 -0.006 0.079 0.390 0.508 0.751 0.363 -0.216 ms -26.66 522.6

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) -109.350 -70.062 -52.750 -13.350 32.292 48.388 64.065 85.042 118.450 25.427 -12.677 µs -7.75 20.79

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer offset 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -98.098 -85.150 -71.888 -40.568 -6.960 9.101 50.465 64.928 94.251 20.088 -40.194 µs -35.83 136

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset PPS(0)

peer offset PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset PPS(0) -12.862 -7.463 -6.344 -0.329 8.544 9.893 11.642 14.888 17.356 4.426 -0.003 µs -3.527 7.589

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 128.138.141.177

peer jitter 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 0.142 0.303 0.375 0.611 0.869 1.003 21.212 0.494 0.700 0.665 0.638 ms 28.92 892.7

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 0.005 0.008 0.011 0.023 0.053 1.314 5.256 0.041 1.306 0.346 0.060 ms 8.358 106.3

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 209.87.233.53

peer jitter 209.87.233.53 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 209.87.233.53 1.158 3.048 4.863 11.626 27.480 59.588 170.464 22.617 56.540 12.829 14.148 ms 7.409 76.83

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.484 7.742 10.332 21.546 40.512 49.702 1,258.562 30.180 41.960 42.333 24.438 µs 24.66 690.6

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.007 0.009 0.012 0.030 0.302 0.376 8.077 0.290 0.367 0.446 0.086 ms 12.28 202.9

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.002 0.009 0.014 0.043 0.366 0.447 8.294 0.352 0.438 0.376 0.133 ms 14.54 292.9

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 7.170 13.478 18.011 34.463 69.541 225.942 981.015 51.530 212.464 56.843 42.363 µs 10.28 137.9

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer jitter 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 6.245 10.839 14.287 27.823 139.422 343.561 1,830.547 125.135 332.722 70.871 42.129 µs 9.703 197.5

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter PPS(0)

peer jitter PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.065 0.254 0.354 0.750 1.732 2.348 8.224 1.378 2.094 0.469 0.866 µs 5.262 25.57

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.152 17.199 17.228 17.348 17.531 17.584 17.683 0.303 0.385 0.095 17.360 ppm 5.931e+06 1.074e+09
Local Clock Time Offset -12.861 -7.462 -6.343 -0.328 8.543 9.892 11.641 14.886 17.354 4.425 -0.003 µs -3.527 7.589
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.174 0.320 0.441 1.571 4.093 4.641 5.341 3.652 4.321 1.144 1.833 ppb 2.722 6.523
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.242 0.375 0.440 0.627 0.991 1.685 3.857 0.551 1.310 0.227 0.667 µs 16.68 90.11
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 0.142 0.303 0.375 0.611 0.869 1.003 21.212 0.494 0.700 0.665 0.638 ms 28.92 892.7
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 0.005 0.008 0.011 0.023 0.053 1.314 5.256 0.041 1.306 0.346 0.060 ms 8.358 106.3
Server Jitter 209.87.233.53 1.158 3.048 4.863 11.626 27.480 59.588 170.464 22.617 56.540 12.829 14.148 ms 7.409 76.83
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.484 7.742 10.332 21.546 40.512 49.702 1,258.562 30.180 41.960 42.333 24.438 µs 24.66 690.6
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.007 0.009 0.012 0.030 0.302 0.376 8.077 0.290 0.367 0.446 0.086 ms 12.28 202.9
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.002 0.009 0.014 0.043 0.366 0.447 8.294 0.352 0.438 0.376 0.133 ms 14.54 292.9
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 7.170 13.478 18.011 34.463 69.541 225.942 981.015 51.530 212.464 56.843 42.363 µs 10.28 137.9
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 6.245 10.839 14.287 27.823 139.422 343.561 1,830.547 125.135 332.722 70.871 42.129 µs 9.703 197.5
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.065 0.254 0.354 0.750 1.732 2.348 8.224 1.378 2.094 0.469 0.866 µs 5.262 25.57
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -683.954 -195.837 -132.047 2.393 285.033 420.782 684.291 417.080 616.619 131.562 32.612 µs -1.776 5.852
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -343.842 -177.497 -135.732 -63.138 2.870 49.502 98.045 138.602 226.999 43.354 -64.190 µs -22.94 82.18
Server Offset 209.87.233.53 -9.822 -5.416 -2.563 0.456 2.382 3.676 8.741 4.945 9.092 1.652 0.260 ms -4.189 16.18
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -122.627 -102.807 -83.475 -48.319 -28.272 -22.259 -10.757 55.203 80.548 16.327 -50.744 µs -82.67 407.5
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) -8.216 -0.799 -0.679 -0.219 -0.035 0.108 0.222 0.644 0.907 0.310 -0.277 ms -28.35 557.8
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -8.130 -0.672 -0.514 -0.177 -0.006 0.079 0.390 0.508 0.751 0.363 -0.216 ms -26.66 522.6
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) -109.350 -70.062 -52.750 -13.350 32.292 48.388 64.065 85.042 118.450 25.427 -12.677 µs -7.75 20.79
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -98.098 -85.150 -71.888 -40.568 -6.960 9.101 50.465 64.928 94.251 20.088 -40.194 µs -35.83 136
Server Offset PPS(0) -12.862 -7.463 -6.344 -0.329 8.544 9.893 11.642 14.888 17.356 4.426 -0.003 µs -3.527 7.589
Summary as CSV file


Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of kurtosis. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of skewness. Wikipedia describes it best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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