NTPsec

ntp1.wiktel.com

Report generated: Fri Apr 19 22:53:01 2024 UTC
Start Time: Thu Apr 18 22:53:01 2024 UTC
End Time: Fri Apr 19 22:53:01 2024 UTC
Report Period: 1.0 days

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Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -9.745 -4.761 -4.060 0.145 3.909 4.491 5.556 7.969 9.252 2.711 0.006 µs -4.059 8.939
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.388 17.394 17.409 17.468 17.528 17.537 17.546 0.119 0.143 0.037 17.469 ppm 1.01e+08 4.705e+10

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.252 0.371 0.445 0.657 1.061 1.669 6.182 0.616 1.298 0.270 0.702 µs 15.11 143.4

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.362 0.500 0.612 1.233 1.922 2.095 2.495 1.310 1.595 0.422 1.256 ppb 13.77 41.66

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -9.745 -4.761 -4.060 0.145 3.909 4.491 5.556 7.969 9.252 2.711 0.006 µs -4.059 8.939

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 128.101.101.101

peer offset 128.101.101.101 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 128.101.101.101 -7.949 -6.645 23.869 61.069 108.440 142.320 150.684 84.571 148.965 27.014 62.641 µs 6.651 19.42

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 128.138.141.177

peer offset 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -293.872 -256.652 -209.702 -98.255 146.735 355.495 443.378 356.437 612.147 115.221 -71.413 µs -7.688 19.38

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -721.567 -694.304 -595.396 -410.374 -289.689 -237.068 -197.759 305.707 457.236 94.445 -414.728 µs -173.7 1040

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 209.87.233.54

peer offset 209.87.233.54 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 209.87.233.54 -6.643 -2.870 -0.925 1.231 3.378 3.716 4.026 4.303 6.585 1.288 1.161 ms -1.374 8.2

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -393.368 -380.220 -327.054 -33.038 124.677 185.396 219.502 451.731 565.616 124.437 -42.998 µs -7.123 20.98

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -789.924 -787.719 -732.235 -612.001 515.249 583.876 592.531 1,247.484 1,371.595 512.363 -304.175 µs -8.027 18.29

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 520.963 528.292 543.695 581.135 619.192 638.933 651.092 75.497 110.641 23.092 581.606 µs 1.422e+04 3.457e+05

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer offset 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -13.065 -13.006 -12.980 -12.946 -12.908 -12.885 -12.879 0.072 0.121 0.023 -12.946 ms -1.8e+08 1.016e+11

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset PPS(0)

peer offset PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset PPS(0) -9.746 -4.762 -4.061 0.146 3.910 4.492 5.557 7.971 9.254 2.712 0.006 µs -4.059 8.938

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 128.101.101.101

peer jitter 128.101.101.101 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 128.101.101.101 4.191 5.831 8.613 20.295 38.913 66.550 68.779 30.300 60.719 10.836 22.222 µs 5.697 19.79

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 128.138.141.177

peer jitter 128.138.141.177 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 249.398 282.152 337.086 594.889 852.401 969.669 1,196.662 515.315 687.517 152.220 592.981 µs 33.26 127.4

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net)

peer jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 6.939 8.913 11.991 22.740 74.420 159.076 661.110 62.429 150.163 55.529 33.527 µs 8.414 92.64

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 209.87.233.54

peer jitter 209.87.233.54 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 209.87.233.54 1.433 2.343 3.343 7.949 19.158 23.192 27.239 15.816 20.848 4.874 9.117 ms 4.311 12.47

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca)

peer jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.724 7.670 10.850 23.890 52.028 133.717 138.423 41.178 126.047 16.954 27.366 µs 5.52 32.29

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.008 0.010 0.015 0.029 0.071 1.116 1.217 0.056 1.106 0.164 0.059 ms 3.668 23.99

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net)

peer jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 10.133 12.972 17.543 31.853 77.274 327.891 694.727 59.731 314.919 61.180 43.461 µs 7.524 75.31

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu)

peer jitter 2607:f388::123:1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 0.018 0.025 0.032 0.092 1.169 4.995 5.010 1.137 4.970 0.714 0.286 ms 2.955 19.6

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter PPS(0)

peer jitter PPS(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.085 0.248 0.349 0.727 1.595 2.179 13.188 1.246 1.931 0.463 0.828 µs 7.366 89.81

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 17.388 17.394 17.409 17.468 17.528 17.537 17.546 0.119 0.143 0.037 17.469 ppm 1.01e+08 4.705e+10
Local Clock Time Offset -9.745 -4.761 -4.060 0.145 3.909 4.491 5.556 7.969 9.252 2.711 0.006 µs -4.059 8.939
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.362 0.500 0.612 1.233 1.922 2.095 2.495 1.310 1.595 0.422 1.256 ppb 13.77 41.66
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.252 0.371 0.445 0.657 1.061 1.669 6.182 0.616 1.298 0.270 0.702 µs 15.11 143.4
Server Jitter 128.101.101.101 4.191 5.831 8.613 20.295 38.913 66.550 68.779 30.300 60.719 10.836 22.222 µs 5.697 19.79
Server Jitter 128.138.141.177 249.398 282.152 337.086 594.889 852.401 969.669 1,196.662 515.315 687.517 152.220 592.981 µs 33.26 127.4
Server Jitter 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) 6.939 8.913 11.991 22.740 74.420 159.076 661.110 62.429 150.163 55.529 33.527 µs 8.414 92.64
Server Jitter 209.87.233.54 1.433 2.343 3.343 7.949 19.158 23.192 27.239 15.816 20.848 4.874 9.117 ms 4.311 12.47
Server Jitter 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) 4.724 7.670 10.850 23.890 52.028 133.717 138.423 41.178 126.047 16.954 27.366 µs 5.52 32.29
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.008 0.010 0.015 0.029 0.071 1.116 1.217 0.056 1.106 0.164 0.059 ms 3.668 23.99
Server Jitter 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 10.133 12.972 17.543 31.853 77.274 327.891 694.727 59.731 314.919 61.180 43.461 µs 7.524 75.31
Server Jitter 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) 0.018 0.025 0.032 0.092 1.169 4.995 5.010 1.137 4.970 0.714 0.286 ms 2.955 19.6
Server Jitter PPS(0) 0.085 0.248 0.349 0.727 1.595 2.179 13.188 1.246 1.931 0.463 0.828 µs 7.366 89.81
Server Offset 128.101.101.101 -7.949 -6.645 23.869 61.069 108.440 142.320 150.684 84.571 148.965 27.014 62.641 µs 6.651 19.42
Server Offset 128.138.141.177 -293.872 -256.652 -209.702 -98.255 146.735 355.495 443.378 356.437 612.147 115.221 -71.413 µs -7.688 19.38
Server Offset 2001:470:0:2c8::2 (clock.nyc.he.net) -721.567 -694.304 -595.396 -410.374 -289.689 -237.068 -197.759 305.707 457.236 94.445 -414.728 µs -173.7 1040
Server Offset 209.87.233.54 -6.643 -2.870 -0.925 1.231 3.378 3.716 4.026 4.303 6.585 1.288 1.161 ms -1.374 8.2
Server Offset 2602:fd53:11e:123::2 (time2.mbix.ca) -393.368 -380.220 -327.054 -33.038 124.677 185.396 219.502 451.731 565.616 124.437 -42.998 µs -7.123 20.98
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -789.924 -787.719 -732.235 -612.001 515.249 583.876 592.531 1,247.484 1,371.595 512.363 -304.175 µs -8.027 18.29
Server Offset 2607:f128:1:3::dd1 (dns1.steadfast.net) 520.963 528.292 543.695 581.135 619.192 638.933 651.092 75.497 110.641 23.092 581.606 µs 1.422e+04 3.457e+05
Server Offset 2607:f388::123:1 (ntp1.doit.wisc.edu) -13.065 -13.006 -12.980 -12.946 -12.908 -12.885 -12.879 0.072 0.121 0.023 -12.946 ms -1.8e+08 1.016e+11
Server Offset PPS(0) -9.746 -4.762 -4.061 0.146 3.910 4.492 5.557 7.971 9.254 2.712 0.006 µs -4.059 8.938
Summary as CSV file


Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of kurtosis. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of skewness. Wikipedia describes it best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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